Still, they called her over after the computer calculations had been made to make sure the trajectory was correct. Childhood When Katherine was 10 she passed the eighth grade. The family lived in Newport News, Virginia, from 1953. Ich hakte nach, ich wollte wissen, warum. Sie selbst gab zu, dass sie während ihrer Arbeit oftmals auf ihre Intuition zurückgreifen musste, da vieles noch unerprobt war, und dass einer der Astronauten über sie sagte: „Ich würde Kates Intuition jederzeit trauen.“[5] Bis zu ihrer Pensionierung im Jahr 1986 wirkte Johnson darüber hinaus an der ersten Phase des Space-Shuttle-Programms mit.[7]. In 2019, Johnson was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. With her 33-year career at NASA Katherine Johnson opened doors for all women in science and mathematics. She lived a full life and died at the age of 101 on February 24th, 2020. Feb 1, 1930 . [12] At the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, based in Hampton, Virginia, near Langley Field, NACA hired African-American mathematicians as well as whites for their Guidance and Navigation Department. Johnson’s mathematical genius was evident from an early age. [30], Katherine and James Francis Goble had three daughters: Constance, Joylette, and Katherine. In a time when minorities held very few jobs in mathematics and science, Johnson was a trailblazer. [54] NASA renamed the Independent Verification and Validation Facility, in Fairmont, West Virginia, to the Katherine Johnson Independent Verification and Validation Facility on February 22, 2019. Through WVSC's president, Dr. John W. Davis, she became one of three African-American students,[12] and the only woman, selected to integrate the graduate school after the 1938 United States Supreme Court ruling Missouri ex rel. I knew it was there, but I didn't feel it."[21]. [12] Für den Fall eines Computerausfalls entwickelte sie ein manuelles Navigationsschema, das sich an Fixsternen orientierte. Johnson was born as Creola Katherine Coleman on August 26, 1918, in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, to Joylette Roberta (Lowe) and Joshua McKinley Coleman. [14] Am 5. In 1957, she provided some of the math for the 1958 document Notes on Space Technology, a compendium of a series of 1958 lectures given by engineers in the Flight Research Division and the Pilotless Aircraft Research Division (PARD). [48], Science writer Maia Weinstock developed a prototype Lego for Women of NASA in 2016 and included Johnson; she declined to have her likeness printed on the final product. [4], Da sie zwei Klassen übersprungen hatte, kam Johnson bereits mit nur zehn Jahren in die Highschool. [8][18], Johnson decided on a career as a research mathematician, although this was a difficult field for African Americans and women to enter. She made important contributions to the United States space program during her career at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Anders als die anderen Computer stellte Johnson Fragen, wollte Zusammenhänge und Hintergründe wissen und bestand darauf, an den Briefings der Abteilung teilzunehmen, die bislang den Männern vorbehalten gewesen waren. Schon sehr früh zeigte sich ihre Begeisterung und Begabung für Mathematik, da sie nach eigenen Angaben alles zählte. Katherine Johnson was an African-American mathematician who worked for NASA from 1953 until 1986. Am 22. „Ich zählte Schritte. Katherine was assertive, asking to be included in editorial meetings (where no women had gone before). During her 35-year career at NASA and its predecessor, she earned a reputation for mastering complex manual calculations and helped pioneer the use of computers to perform the tasks. [3], Die schwarzen Mathematikerinnen, von Johnson als „Computer in Röcken“[3] bezeichnet, hatten aufgrund der in den USA praktizierten Rassentrennung ein von ihren weißen Kolleginnen gesondertes Büro und konnten an andere Abteilungen „ausgeliehen“ werden. She was portrayed by Taraji P. Henson as a lead character in the 2016 film Hidden Figures. Their office was labeled as "Colored Computers". Her work helped send astronauts to the Moon. ", "Katherine Johnson, real-life subject of 'Hidden Figures' receives standing ovation at Oscars", "Q&A: Our interview with Katherine G. Johnson, the real-life mathematician who inspired 'Hidden Figures, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, "William and Mary commencement sends graduates out on new adventure", "West Virginia State University to Honor Katherine Johnson with Statue, Scholarship", "Katherine Johnson to be included in Barbie 'Inspiring Women' series", "Inaugural Inductees Into Government Hall of Fame Unveiled", "NASA Dedicates Building To Hidden Figures Heroine Katherine Johnson", "NASA Honors 'Hidden Figure' Katherine Johnson", "Bethel School District names new school after pioneering black NASA mathematician Katherine Johnson", "Live, Learn, Pursue Passion – NASA Mathematician preps Class of 2006 to find its mission", "MLK Event to Feature 'Hidden Figures' Author Margot Lee Shetterly", National Center for Women & Information Technology, "Obama honoring Spielberg, Streisand and more with medal of freedom", "Katherine Johnson to receive the ASP's new Arthur B.C. [13] Nach ihrer Pensionierung nahm sie nach wie vor an Veranstaltungen teil und blieb in Kontakt mit Schulen und Universitäten, wo sie Schüler und Studenten ermutigte, Naturwissenschaften zu studieren und entsprechende Berufe zu ergreifen. Katherine Johnson (pictured in figure 1), one of the central characters in Hidden Figures, is an outstanding example of a computer who, as Barry put it, “pushed the engineers she was working with” and suggested alternate ways of tackling problems. The three leading ladies did an excellent job portraying us. When Katherine Johnson ­began working at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in 1953, she was classified as “subprofessional,” not far outranking a secretary or janitor. image caption Katherine Johnson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015 Pioneering African-American Nasa mathematician Katherine Johnson has died at the age of 101. 1952 hörte sie erstmals von ihrer Schwester in Newport News, dass es für schwarze Mathematikerinnen neue Karrieremöglichkeiten am nahe gelegenen Langley Research Center gab. Februar 2020 in Newport News, Virginia[1]) war eine US-amerikanische Mathematikerin afroamerikanischer Abstammung. In 2016, she was presented with the Silver Snoopy Award by NASA astronaut Leland D. Melvin and a NASA Group Achievement Award. [55], In 2020, Bethel School District, Washington, named its newest school the Katherine G. Johnson Elementary.[56]. [1] During her 35-year career at NASA and its predecessor, she earned a reputation for mastering complex manual calculations and helped pioneer the use of computers to perform the tasks. Katherine Johnson did so many amazing things during her life time. She added that, in a time where computing was "women's work" and engineering was left to men, "it really does have to do with us over the course of time sort of not valuing that work that was done by women, however necessary, as much as we might. She was known for her work on the United … The first jobs she found were in teaching. Ihr Vater, der selbst die Schule nach der 6. Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson (August 26, 1918 – February 24, 2020) was an African American physicist and mathematician. NACA disbanded the colored computing pool in 1958 when the agency was superseded by NASA, which adopted digital computers. Katherine Johnson, John Glenn, and the Space Task Group. A "human computer" assigned to NASA's Flight Research Division at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, Johnson was the African-American, then-44-year-old "girl" who was the subject of the astronaut's directive . [4][8], Johnson showed strong mathematical abilities from an early age. You had a mission and you worked on it, and it was important to you to do your job ... and play bridge at lunch." Katherine Johnson was born on August 26, 1918 to Joshua and Joylette Coleman in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Because Greenbrier County did not offer public schooling for African-American students past the eighth grade, the Colemans arranged for their children to attend high school in Institute, West Virginia. Teachers Many of Katherine's teacher's influenced her to do well in life. Gegen Ende der 1960er Jahre berechnete Johnson die korrekte Umlaufbahn für die Apollo-11-Raumfahrtmission und trug damit entscheidend zum Erfolg der ersten Mondlandung bei. [5] Mit nur vierzehn Jahren wechselte sie schließlich auf das West Virginia College, für das sie ein Stipendium erhalten hatte. Februar 2020 in Newport News, Virginia ) war eine US-amerikanische Mathematikerin afroamerikanischer Abstammung. Ihr Direktor, Sherman H. Gus, begleitete sie oft auf dem Heimweg und lehrte sie Sternkonstellationen, was ihr Interesse für Astronomie weckte. [4] When NASA used electronic computers for the first time to calculate John Glenn's orbit around Earth, officials called on Johnson to verify the computer's numbers; Glenn had asked for her specifically and had refused to fly unless Johnson verified the calculations. Für Afroamerikaner gab es in White Sulphur Springs nur Schulen, die nach der 8. This school was on the campus of West Virginia State College (WVSC). Sie studierte Französisch und Mathematik im Hauptfach und schloss mit 18 Jahren mit einem Bachelor of Science in beiden Fächern im Jahr 1937 mit Auszeichnung ab. [1] She also calculated the launch window for his 1961 Mercury mission. Katherine Johnson was 1 of the first 3 black people allowed to study at West Virginia University, which before that was officially racist and did not let black people be students. "[37], Johnson co-authored 26 scientific papers. Katherine Johnson made the most of limited educational opportunities for African Americans, graduating from college at age 18. Johnson did the calculations herself, and agreed they were correct. In an interview with WHRO-TV, Johnson stated that she "didn't feel the segregation at NASA, because everybody there was doing research. Daher wurde Johnson, als sie mit sechs Jahren selbst in die Schule kam, direkt in die zweite Klasse geschickt. Katherine Johnson, American mathematician who calculated and analyzed the flight paths of many spacecraft during her more than three decades with the U.S. space program. Her dad Joshua moved the family 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia for her to attend high school. [20] In keeping with state racial segregation laws, and federal workplace segregation introduced under President Woodrow Wilson in the early 20th century, Johnson and the other African-American women in the computing pool were required to work, eat, and use restrooms that were separate from those of their white peers. Die besten Fünftklässler, unter ihnen Katherine, wurden direkt als 6. "[3] NASA noted her "historical role as one of the first African-American women to work as a NASA scientist. We were concerned about them getting back. You probably know the name Katherine G. Johnson from the popular book-turned-movie “ Hidden Figures.” In the film, Johnson (played by actress Taraji P. Henson) is the protagonist who double-checks the numbers produced by the newly installed IBM computer before the astronaut, John Glenn, launches into space. [1][26] During the Moon landing, Johnson was at a meeting in the Pocono Mountains. Her father mostly worked as a handyman at the Greenbrier Hotel, while her mother was a teacher. [1] In 1970, Johnson worked on the Apollo 13 Moon mission. Katherine graduated high school at age 14 Institute. [7] Auf diese Weise war Johnson auch an der ersten Erdumrundung eines amerikanischen Astronauten beteiligt. "[28] Later in her career, Johnson worked on the Space Shuttle program, the Earth Resources Satellite,[1][26] and on plans for a mission to Mars. [3][4][5][6] She was the youngest of four children. Katherine Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, WV. In ihrem zweiten Jahr bot ihr ihr Dozent, Dr. William W. Schieffelin Claytor, weiterführende Kurse in höherer Mathematik an, um ihr zu helfen, in die Forschung zu gehen,[6] und Johnson belegte als einzige Schülerin Analytische Geometrie. Mai 2016 wurde in einer feierlichen Zeremonie, an der die damals 97-Jährige teilnahm, ein noch im Bau befindliches Rechenzentrum der NASA nach Katherine Johnson benannt. Early in her career, she was called a “computer.” August 1918 in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia; † 24. [29], Johnson spent her later years encouraging students to enter the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Creola Katherine Johnson (née Coleman; August 26, 1918 – February 24, 2020) was an American mathematician whose calculations of orbital mechanics as a NASA employee were critical to the success of the first and subsequent U.S. crewed spaceflights. [12][17], In 1939, after marrying her first husband, James Goble, she left her teaching job and enrolled in a graduate math program. During her 35-year career at NASA and its predecessor, she earned a reputation for mastering complex manual calculations and helped pioneer the use of computers to perform the tasks… Creola Katherine Johnson (née Coleman; August 26, 1918 – February 24, 2020) was an American mathematician whose calculations of orbital mechanics as a NASA employee were critical to the success of the first and subsequent U.S. crewed spaceflights. And so would numerous other astronauts to come. When the mission was aborted, her work on backup procedures and charts helped set a safe path for the crew's return to Earth,[26] creating a one-star observation system that would allow astronauts to determine their location with accuracy. She was cited as a pioneering example of African-American women in STEM. Katherine Johnson, ... Later, in 1969, when Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins headed for the moon, they did so using Johnson’s mathematics. 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