Ähnliche Eigenschaften weisen auch die kurz vorher entdeckten Röntgenstrahlen und die Kathodenstrahlen auf. 1971: Gábor | He won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie, the latter of whom was Becquerel’s graduate student. 1874 heiratete er Lucie Jamin, die Tochter von Jules Jamin. But the following week Becquerel learned that his uranium salts continued to eject … true . 1926: Perrin | What was Henri Becquerel studying when he discovered radioactivity? 1982: K. Wilson | 2017: Barish, Thorne, Weiss | 2005: Glauber, Hall, Hänsch | What was Marie Curie's occupation? "[20], In 1889, Becquerel became a member of the Académie des Sciences. 1940–1942: nicht verliehen | 2008: Nambu, Kobayashi, Maskawa | Becquerel had long been interested in phosphorescence, the emission of light of one color following a body's exposure to light of another color. 1955: Lamb, Kusch | 1902: Lorentz, Zeeman | HEINRICH HERTZ hatte 1886-1888 die Existenz elektromagnetischer Wellen nachgewiesen. 1953: Zernike | 1984: Rubbia, van der Meer | On 2 March 1896 he reported: I will insist particularly upon the following fact, which seems to me quite important and beyond the phenomena which one could expect to observe: The same crystalline crusts [of potassium uranyl sulfate], arranged the same way with respect to the photographic plates, in the same conditions and through the same screens, but sheltered from the excitation of incident rays and kept in darkness, still produce the same photographic images. Antoine Henri Becquerel (/ˌbɛkəˈrɛl/;[2] 15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French engineer, physicist, Nobel laureate, and the first person to discover evidence of radioactivity. Later on in 1894, Becquerel became chief engineer in the Department of Bridges and Highways before he started with his early experiments. Das Arbeiten im Labor war umständlicher und gefährlicher, als heutige Techniken mit elektronischen Hilfsmitteln vermuten lassen: Lösungen wurden mit der Hand gerührt, und für Wiegevorgänge standen mechanische Waagen mit einer Genauigkeit von 0,1 mg zur Verfügung. Becquerel took this as evidence that his idea was correct, that the phosphorescent uranium salts absorbed sunlight and emitted a penetrating radiation similar to x-rays. How did this . 1958: Tscherenkow, Frank, Tamm | I hope that the experiments which I am pursuing at the moment will be able to bring some clarification to this new class of phenomena. [4] He studied engineering at the École Polytechnique and the École des Ponts et Chaussées. 1988: Lederman, Schwartz, Steinberger | In February of 1896, Becquerel was studying the phosphorescence of various minerals, including some salts of uranium. 2014: Akasaki, Amano, Nakamura | 1945: Pauli | 1902 wurde er gewähltes Mitglied der American Philosophical Society. Later, the plates appeared exposed despite being … However, the present experiments, without being contrary to this hypothesis, do not warrant this conclusion. Uranium . 1923: Millikan | true. 1912: Dalén | false. 1939: Lawrence | 1896 experimentierte Becquerel mit der Phosphoreszenz von Uransalzen. Antoine-Henri Becquerel, a French physicist, was born Dec. 15, 1852. After the crystal had soaked up some sunshine, Antoine Becquerel placed it on a … Between the "cake" of salt and a photographic plate this time, he put a small copper cross to check whether x-rays pass through it. During the experiment, Röntgen "found that the Crookes tubes he had been using to study cathode rays emitted a new kind of invisible ray that was capable of penetrating through black paper". By noticing that the uranium salts would phosphoresce (glow-in-dark) when light had been added to it, Becquerel began to question why this occurred. 1994: Brockhouse, Shull | 1965: Feynman, Schwinger, Tomonaga | 1951: Cockcroft, Walton | Before 1896, many scientist concluded that like he’s not pass through black paper. [8] Early in his career, Becquerel also studied the Earth's magnetic fields.[8]. He reported this result at the French Academy of Science meeting on February 24, 1896. 2015: Kajita, McDonald | 1932: Heisenberg | t or f gamma decay emits energy but no particles. Aus dieser Verbindung stammt als Sohn der Physiker Jean Becquerel. 1901: Röntgen | For work in this field he, along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie (Marie Curie) and Pierre Curie, received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. On page 50 of volume 2, Edmond noted that Niepce de Saint-Victor had observed that some objects that had been exposed to sunlight could expose photographic plates even in the dark. Viele Physiker beschäftigten sich in dieser Zeit mit Katodenstrahlen und ihren Eigenschaften. 1916: nicht verliehen | Ein wichtiger Bereich der physikalischen Forschung war die Untersuchung der Eigenschaften bereits bekannter Strahlungen sow… HENRY BECQUEREL lebte in einer Zeit der Vollendung der klassischen Physik und des Beginns der Entwicklung der modernen Physik. 1967: Bethe | Er erhielt 1903 gemeinsam mit Marie und Pierre Curie den Nobelpreis für Physik für die Entdeckung der Radioaktivität. 2000: Alfjorow, Kroemer, Kilby | Dezember 2020 um 23:09 Uhr bearbeitet. 1918: Planck | [5] In 1874, Henri married Lucie Zoé Marie Jamin, who would die while giving birth to their son, Jean. 1987: Bednorz, Müller | 1914: Laue | Antoine Henri Becquerel Biography For Kids. 1978: Kapiza, Penzias, R. W. Wilson | benchmarks-henri-becquerel-discovers-radioactivity-february-26-1896 Radioactivity Marie Curie, (who first coins the term) her husband and daughter all studied this phenomenon in detail: Found the U in Becquerel’s salts affected the paper. März 1896, dass die Platte geschwärzt wurde, obwohl zuvor kein Licht einfallen konnte, das die Uransalze zur Phosphoreszenz hätte anregen können. What was in the salts? In 1896, French scientist Antoine Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity which was an early contribution to atomic theory. 1981: Bloembergen, Schawlow, K. Siegbahn | 1915: W. H. Bragg, W. L. Bragg | Polonium and radium. 1889 wurde er Mitglied der Académie des sciences. 1985: von Klitzing | Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium salts released rays that resembled X-rays in their penetrating power. 1906: J. J. Thomson | Ingenieurausbildung an der École des Ponts et Chaussées. 1969: Gell-Mann | 1991: de Gennes | Dezember 1852 in Paris; † 25. 1934: nicht verliehen | 1911: Wien | 2013: Englert, Higgs | 1931: nicht verliehen | X-rays had just been discovered the month before, and Becquerel was trying to see if phosphorescent materials produced X-rays. Becquerel führte daneben wichtige Forschungen zur Phosphoreszenz, Spektroskopie und Absorption von Licht durch. • Marie Curie called the phenomenon radioactivity. In early 1896, there was a wave of excitement following Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's discovery of X-rays on 5 January. Dies war ein Hinweis darauf, dass eine Strahlung existiert, die nicht zum Spektrum des sichtbaren Lichts gehört – diese Strahlung nannte Becquerel Uranstrahlen. Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen seines Vaters und Michael Faradays (1791-1867) entdeckt … 1954: Born, Bothe | 1989: Paul, Dehmelt, Ramsey | 1935: Chadwick | Becquerel was studying phosphorescence in uranium salts which is what resulted in him accidentally discovering radioactivity. They wanted him to investigate whether certain mineral salts could produce the discovery of the X-rays. 1961: Hofstadter, Mößbauer | When one then develops the photographic plate, one recognizes that the silhouette of the phosphorescent substance appears in black on the negative. He discovered this phenomenon while experimenting with uranium and a photographic plate. Antoine Henri Becquerel (* 15.Dezember 1852 in Paris; † 25. Since the sun did not come out in the following days, I developed the photographic plates on the 1st of March, expecting to find the images very weak. [8] Becquerel was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1908. Marie Curie. 1995: Perl, Reines | In 1896, Becquerel discovered radioactivity by chance, while researching the fluorescence of uranium salts. • U metal was a stronger emitter. 1910: van der Waals | 1966: Kastler | Naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht an der École Polytechnique in Paris. 1921: Einstein | Becquerel was born in Paris, France into a wealthy family which produced four generations of physicists: Becquerel's grandfather (Antoine César Becquerel), father (Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel), and son (Jean Becquerel). In 1896, Henri becquerel observed that uranium salts could cause a plate covered by black paper to react as if light had reached it. Henri Becquerel, the son, was subjected to the training and influence of these honored men, and it is little wonder, then, that, through heredity and environment, he should bear the face of one who sends his soul into the invisible—for that, in good solid truth, is what every true experimenter literally does. He wrapped the fluorescent substance potassium uranyl in photographic plates and black material to use in an experiment that would need bright sunlight. 1997: Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji, Phillips | 1964: Townes, Bassow, Prochorow | When he developed the plates, he saw an outline of the crystals. 1943: Stern | 1975: A. N. Bohr, Mottelson, Rainwater | Which element did Henri Becquerel discover emitted radiation? 1913: Kamerlingh Onnes | [5] In 1900, Becquerel won the Rumford Medal for his discovery of the radioactivity of uranium and he was made an Officer of the Legion of Honour. A French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances, Henri Becquerel was born in Paris on December 15, 1852, a member of a distinguished family of scholars and scientists. [8] His death was caused by unknown causes, but was reported that "he had developed serious burns on his skin, likely from the handling of radioactive materials. 1973: Esaki, Giaever, Josephson | Er starb im Alter von 55 Jahren und ruht auf dem Cimetière ancien (deutsch Alter Friedhof) von Châtillon-Coligny im Familiengrab der Becquerels.[1]. Von 1874 bis 1877 setzte er sein Studium an der École des Ponts et Chaussées fort. 1947: Appleton | 1917: Barkla | [9] Learning of Röntgen's discovery from earlier that year during a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences caused Becquerel to be interested, and soon "began looking for a connection between the phosphorescence he had already been investigating and the newly discovered x-rays"[9] of Röntgen, and thought that phosphorescent materials, such as some uranium salts, might emit penetrating X-ray-like radiation when illuminated by bright sunlight. Becquerel reported this discovery to the Académie des Sciences at its session on February 24, 1896, noting that certain salts of uranium were particularly active. He also placed objects such as coins or cut out metal shapes between the crystals and the photographic plate, and fou… For work in this field he, along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie (Marie Curie) and Pierre Curie,[3] received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. Marie and Pierre Curie: • Isolated Po and Ra that did the same. Auch Vakuumpumpen wurden mit der Hand bedient und das so erzeugte Vakuum war verglichen mit heute üblichen Vakua eine Million Mal schwächer. [12][13] By 1861, Niepce de Saint-Victor realized that uranium salts produce "a radiation that is invisible to our eyes". Nachdem er auf einige in einem dunklen Raum deponierte Präparate eine Fotoplatte gelegt hatte, bemerkte er am 1. The intensive research of radioactivity led to Becquerel publishing seven papers on the subject in 1896. [24] During his lifetime, Becquerel was honored with membership into the Accademia dei Lincei and the Royal Academy of Berlin. Henri Becquerel (1896): • U salts emitted rays that “fog” a photographic plate. 1948: Blackett | 1874-1877. X-rays. 1937: Davisson, G. P. Thomson | But further experiments led him to doubt and then abandon this hypothesis. 1959: Segrè, Chamberlain | 1992: Charpak | 1903: Becquerel, M. Curie, P. Curie | 1930: Raman | … 2012: Haroche, Wineland | Henri Becquerel (n.) 1. Henri Becquerel learned of Roentgen's discovery of x-rays through the fluorescence that some materials produce. 1944: Rabi | Henri Becquerel studierte 1872 bis 1874 an der École Polytechnique. he had discovered that uranium is radioactive. Showed certain elements spontaneously emit 2003: Abrikossow, Ginsburg, Leggett | [28], Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1908, Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Biography: Henri Antoine Becquerel (1852 – 1908)", "Henri Becquerel - Biography, Facts and Pictures", "This month in physics history March 1, 1896 Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity", "Mémoire sur une nouvelle action de la lumière", "Deuxième mémoire sur une nouvelle action de la lumière", "Sur les radiations émises par phosphorescence", "Sur les radiations invisibles émises par les corps phosphorescents", "Benchmarks: Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity on February 26, 1896", "Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852–1908): a scientist who endeavored to discover natural radioactivity", "Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Becquerel on Moon", "Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Becquerel on Mars", "Becquerelite: Becquerelite mineral information and data", Annotated bibliography for Henri Becquerel from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues, Henri Becquerel, SI-derived unit of radioactivity, List of scientists whose names are used as units, Scientists whose names are used in physical constants, People whose names are used in chemical element names, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri_Becquerel&oldid=1003087060, Members of the French Academy of Sciences, Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences, Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "Henri Becquerel: The Discovery of Radioactivity", Becquerel's 1896 articles online and analyzed on, This page was last edited on 27 January 2021, at 10:12. 1996: D. M. Lee, Osheroff, R. C. Richardson | 2018: Ashkin, Mourou, Strickland | 1949: Yukawa | 1970: Alfvén, Néel | [18][19], Later in his life in 1900, Becquerel measured the properties of Beta Particles, and he realized that they had the same measurements as high speed electrons leaving the nucleus. 1983: Chandrasekhar, Fowler | Henri Becquerel : biography 15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908 Antoine Henri Becquerel (15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and the discoverer of radioactivity along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie, for which all three won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. 1976: Richter, Ting | Becquerel was in the audience that day, and wondered whether there was any connection between the ghostly X-ray images and the phenomena of fluorescence and phosphorescence that he and his father had studied. [21][8] The Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities awarded him the Helmholtz Medal in 1901. 1956: Shockley, Bardeen, Brattain | 1974: Ryle, Hewish | [14] Niepce de Saint-Victor knew Edmond Becquerel, Henri Becquerel's father. Nachdem seine Ehefrau verstorben war, heiratete er 1890 Louise Lorieux. Who coined the term "radioactivity"? 2019: Peebles, Mayor, Queloz | Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) Contributions: Received the Noble Prize in physics for being the first to discover radioactivity as a phenomenon separate from that of x-rays and document the differences between the two. After further work, and by noting that his newly discovered rays could pass through metal plates and still fog the photographic plate, though less intensely, Becquerel found that all salts of uranium, and the metal uranium itself, continuously give off invisible rays. 1922: N. Bohr | He thus confirmed his view that something very similar to X rays was emitted by this luminescent substance at the same time it threw off visible radiation. 1933: Schrödinger, Dirac | Which two elements did Marie Curie discover? 1928: O. W. Richardson | [8] In 1905, he was awarded the Barnard Medal by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. By May 1896, after other experiments involving non-phosphorescent uranium salts, he arrived at the correct explanation, namely that the penetrating radiation came from the uranium itself, without any need for excitation by an external energy source. [26][27] The uranium-based mineral becquerelite was named after Henri. 1960: Glaser | 2011: Perlmutter, Schmidt, Riess | Here is how I was led to make this observation: among the preceding experiments, some had been prepared on Wednesday the 26th and Thursday the 27th of February, and since the sun was out only intermittently on these days, I kept the apparatuses prepared and returned the cases to the darkness of a bureau drawer, leaving in place the crusts of the uranium salt. [1] Becquerel has been honored with being the namesake of many different scientific discoveries. "[11], As often happens in science, radioactivity came close to being discovered nearly four decades earlier in 1857, when Abel Niépce de Saint-Victor, who was investigating photography under Michel Eugène Chevreul, observed that uranium salts emitted radiation that could darken photographic emulsions. Becquerel was born in Paris into a family which produced four generations of scientists: Becquerel’s grandfather, and son. 1907: Michelson | 15. 2001: Cornell, Ketterle, Wieman | 1929: de Broglie | [25] There is a crater named Becquerel on the Moon and also a crater named Becquerel on Mars. [22] In 1903, Henri shared a Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre Curie and Marie Curie for the discovery of spontaneous radioactivity. Henri Becquerel checked himself again and again. "When different radioactive substances were put in the magnetic field, they deflected in different directions or not at all, showing that there were three classes of radioactivity: negative, positive, and electrically neutral. Physicist. Instead the silhouettes appeared with great intensity ... One hypothesis which presents itself to the mind naturally enough would be to suppose that these rays, whose effects have a great similarity to the effects produced by the rays studied by M. Lenard and M. Röntgen, are invisible rays emitted by phosphorescence and persisting infinitely longer than the duration of the luminous rays emitted by these bodies. French physicist who discovered that rays emitted by uranium salts affect photographic plates (1852-1908) 2007: Fert, Grünberg | [23] In 1906, Henri was elected Vice Chairman of the academy, and in 1908, the year of his death, Becquerel was elected Permanent Secretary of the Académie des Sciences. 1993: Hulse, J. H. Taylor | Antoine Henri Becquerel (/ ˌ b ɛ k ə ˈ r ɛ l /; French: [ɑ̃ʁi bɛkʁɛl]; 15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French engineer, physicist, Nobel laureate, and the first person to discover evidence of radioactivity. 1990: Friedman, Kendall, R. E. Taylor | t or f Henri Becquerel accidentally discovered that phosphorus uranium salts produced spontaneous emissions that darkened photographic plates. The becquerel is the SI derived unit of radioactivity, named after Henri Becquerel Uranium tiles have been used in the ceramics industry for many centuries, as uranium oxide makes an excellent ceramic glaze, and is reasonably abundant. Becquerel's discovery of spontaneous radioactivity is a famous example of serendipity, of how chance favors the prepared mind. 1952: Bloch, Purcell | 1927: Compton, C. T. R. Wilson | 1963: Wigner, Goeppert-Mayer, Jensen | Honors and awards Maltese Cross […] RÖNTGEN entdeckte 1895 die X-Strahlen (Röntgenstrahlen). The Discovery of Natural Radioactivity. 1957: Yang, T.-D. Lee | Becquerel had already studied the phosphorescence of uranium salts in particular and was familiar with photography, so he decided to undertake his own experiments on the subject of X-rays. 1936: Hess, C. D. Anderson | 2010: Geim, Novoselov | He studied engineering. 1986: Ruska, Binnig, Rohrer | In Paris, the French Academy commissioned Henri Becquerel an investigation. 2009: Kao, Boyle, Smith | Becquerel was working on cathode ray fluorescence. Zeit mit Katodenstrahlen und ihren Eigenschaften this result at the French Academy of.! Aus dem Atomkern entweichenden schnellen Elektronen ( β-Strahlung ) magnetisch ablenkbar sind after the crystal had soaked some. In Le Croisic, Département Loire-Atlantique ) war ein französischer Physiker studierte 1872 bis 1874 an der Polytechnique! Führte daneben wichtige Forschungen zur Phosphoreszenz, Spektroskopie und Absorption von Licht durch und Professors für Physik die... ] Niepce de Saint-Victor knew Edmond Becquerel, a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and Becquerel was honored being. Did the same ] Niepce de Saint-Victor knew Edmond Becquerel, der des. S not pass through black paper some uranium salts which is now used treat. 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